ABSTRACT
La actividad portuaria se desarrolla dentro de un contexto donde la salud de los trabajadores se ve constantemente expuesta, dadas las múltiples situaciones peligrosas que conlleva esta actividad. Es en este contexto que las altas presiones ejercidas por la organización, traducidas en la constante presión por movilizar el mayor número de carga y cumplir con rendimientos de productividad, sumado a las relaciones interpersonales, el contenido del trabajo y la realización de la tarea, entre otras, pueden afectar tanto al desarrollo del trabajo como a la salud del trabajador, lo cual se conoce como riesgos psicosociales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de riesgo psicosocial de los trabajadores de diferentes áreas de un puerto del norte de Chile. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, sobre 298 trabajadores, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicó el instrumento SUSESO ISTAS-21, versión corta de la superintendencia de seguridad social del gobierno de Chile. En cuanto a las secciones en las que los trabajadores desempeñan sus funciones, el porcentaje mayor correspondió a personal operativo con un 45,3 por ciento (135), y el menor fue AG. Con un 9,1 por ciento (27). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las distintas áreas en las dimensiones exigencias psicológicas, trabajo activo y desarrollo de habilidades y compensación. Para futuras investigaciones e intervenciones organizacionales se sugiere la incorporación de metodologías de trabajo cualitativas. Se concluye que el personal portuario presenta una elevada exposición de riesgos psicosociales en el ambiente laboral.
The port activity is developed within a context where the health of the workers is constantly exposed, giving the multiple dangerous situations that this activity entails. Is in this context that the high demands that the organization requires traduced in the constant pressure to mobilize the most amount of load and achieve with the productivity requirements, added to the interpersonal relations, the workload, the realization of the task, among others; might affect the development of the task, like, as well, the health of the worker, this is known like psychosocial risk. The objective of this research is to determine the level of psychosocial risks at the workplace of members in different areas at a port in the north of Chile. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 298 workers, who were selected through a non-probability based sampling. An abridged version of the SUSESO ISTAS -21 (instrument provided by the government of Chile), was applied. Regarding the sections in which workers perform their duties, the highest percentage corresponded to operational staff with a 45.3 percent (135) and the lowest to management and administration with a 9.1 percent (27). Significant statistical differences between the areas were found in the dimensions of psychological requirements, active work & skill development, and compensation. For future research and interventions, it is recommended to incorporate qualitative work methodologies to do a more detailed analysis. Data suggests that port workers have high exposure to psychosocial risks in their workplace.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Occupational Health , Risk , Ships , Working Conditions , Burnout, Professional , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , WorkloadABSTRACT
Background: Some rural non-Caucasian ethnic groups have genetic protective factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Studies performed in Mapuche and Aymara ethnic groups in Chile, found significantly lower prevalence rates. Aymaras are the second most common ethnic population in Chile. Aim: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a native Aymara ethnic population. Material and Methods: We studied 276 native Aymara people with a median age of 53 years (63% women), registered in the rural clinics of Camiña and Putre. The frequency of hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity and smoking were determined. Results: The frequency of overweight and obesity was 38% and 38.4% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension and DM2 were 18.5% and 6.9% respectively. Thirty-five percent had elevated total cholesterol, 21% had high LDL cholesterol, 48% had low HDL cholesterol and 45.7% had high triglyceride levels. Two percent smoked. Conclusions: In this group of Aymara individuals, we found a markedly lower prevalence of hypertension and DM2, despite the high prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia.